2025, Vol. 12, Issue 6, Part C

Purpose: This study examined the effects of psycho-tonic training on self-confidence levels among university-level male volleyball players. Self-confidence represents a critical psychological factor influencing athletic performance, yet limited research has investigated the specific impact of psycho-tonic training interventions on confidence development in volleyball athletes.

Methods: Twenty-four male volleyball players (age range: 18-25 years) from Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, were purposively selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group received daily psycho-tonic training interventions, while the control group maintained regular training protocols. Self-confidence was assessed using the Sports Performance Self-Assessment questionnaire and CSAI-2 (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2) administered at pre-test and post-test stages. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with significance level set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results: Descriptive statistics revealed substantial improvements in the experimental group, with pre-test mean scores of 28.75 (SD = 4.88) decreasing to post-test means of 13.25 (SD = 1.71), indicating enhanced self-confidence (lower scores represent higher confidence on this scale). ANCOVA results demonstrated statistically significant differences between groups (F = 137.658, p < 0.05, df = 1, 21). The LSD post-hoc test confirmed significant mean differences (17.463) between pre-test and post-test measurements.

Conclusion: Psycho-tonic training effectively enhances self-confidence among university-level male volleyball players. The intervention's emphasis on mental resilience, imagery, self-talk, and psychophysiological regulation successfully strengthened athletes' psychological preparedness, suggesting its viability as a practical training component for volleyball programs.