Author(s): Sandeep Gupta and BR Rawte

Abstract:
This study aimed to examine the relationship between body composition and performance among competitive weightlifters. Specifically, the study investigated how body fat percentage and lean body mass correlate with weightlifting performance, both in absolute terms and when normalized for body weight. A cross-sectional correlational design was employed, involving 60 competitive weightlifters (40 males, 20 females) aged 18-35 years. Body composition was assessed using skinfold calipers at seven anatomical sites, following ISAK protocols, and body fat percentage was estimated using Jackson & Pollock equations. Performance was evaluated using each athlete’s best snatch and clean & jerk lifts, with the Wilks coefficient used for normalization. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine relationships between body composition variables and performance outcomes. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between body fat percentage and Wilks coefficient (r=-0.62, p<0.01), and a strong positive correlation between lean body mass and total lifted weight (r=0.71, p<0.001). The negative association between body fat percentage and performance was more pronounced in male lifters (r=-0.68, p<0.01) than in female lifters (r=-0.54, p<0.05). No significant correlation was found between age and performance (r=0.12, P=0.35). The findings demonstrate that lower body fat percentage and higher lean body mass are strongly associated with superior weightlifting performance. These results underscore the importance of body composition assessment and targeted interventions to optimize muscle mass and reduce excess fat for enhancing competitive outcomes in weightlifters. The study supports previous research and highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and individualized training strategies in this population.

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