Author(s): Richa Dhiman

Abstract:
The evolution of life is a mystery in spite of the rapid advancement of the different scientific explanations as it is impossible to reach in that era of ‘origin of life''. So, there are some possibilities regarding the origin of life those are (i) Special Creation: Supernatural power or divine forces are the reason for creation of life, (ii) Extraterrestrial Origin: Life supposed to be transformed from another planet and (iii) Spontaneous Origin: Life has formed with the associations of the molecules. Till date science does not provide any authentic explanation regarding the origin of Universe in the controversial ‘Big Bang'' theory for evolution of the Universe and also has not been able to provide a satisfactory explanation regarding the ‘origin of life''. After a long period of time, the concept “Men are from Mars and Women are from Venus” has emerged and consequently different arguments was also emerged on this concept that men and women aren''t from different planets after all. Small differences between men''s and women's comforting skills, but not enough to claim the sexes are their own cultures or to come from different planets. Men and women have found to differ in all areas of their lives. They not only communicate differently but also think, feel, perceive, react, respond, love, need, and appreciate differently. As a result of that they are as if seem to be from different planets, speak in different languages and need different nourishment. Humankind can be differentiated from different perspectives, such as biological characteristics, behavioral traits and sociological contexts.It is determined based on the objectives of the study. The various aspects of methods and materials presented in this chapter are related to the study. The study was conducted on one hundred and twenty individuals (N 120) out of which sixty were athletes and they sub-divided into thirty male athletes (Group – A, n 30) and thirty female athletes (Group - C, n 30), selected from different colleges, universities, districts and club teams of West Bengal. Besides sixty were non-athletes, they were also subdivided into thirty male non-athletes (Group – B, n 30) and thirty female non-athletes (Group - D, n 30) selected from different colleges and Universities students of West Bengal. ‘The subjects'' were selected according to the following purposive sampling criteria: (a) the height range of the subjects was from 157.5 cm to 162.5 cm, (b) weight range of the subjects were 52.5 kg to 55.5 kg, (c) Age was within 20-25 years and (d) the education level of the subjects was at least graduation level in any academic discipline. All the subjects belonged to small frame size. Self-efficacy of the four groups had difference. The non-male athlete group was superior in self-efficacy followed by male athlete group, female athlete group and female non-athlete group respectively. Difference existed among the groups, except two male groups and also two athlete groups. On the basis of the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn.

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